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Passage 3 [December 2000]
Read the following passage and answer the questions 11–15.
The previous decade has reversed the presumptions about development and more than anything else, it has made it difficult to decide what is in store during the next decade. However, there are some things about which one can make claims with some confidence.
Firstly, education, health and productive employment are the decisive factors for development and impartiality. We believe that all these are the results of rapid economic development and to achieve these ends, development only can generate resources. In the present form, it will be best to view it as a better reason than as a result of development. In fact, in every case of successful development, the evaluation of previous reforms in education, technical skills, health, existence and productive tasks are included.
Secondly, technical ability is a vital resource and explains the high ratio of development in production and trade as compared to ratios of development in more traditional factors, such as natural resources or capital formation. There is no requisite capability in research. In fact, industrial momentum in a factory or farm is more important than the presence of a research organization.
Thirdly, essentially required environment also cannot be ignored for a long time period, which is next only to the issue of disarmament in the list of international issues. At the national level, there has been a definite rise in ignorance towards the environment due to development.
In the context of India, at least two immediate factors increase the ratio mentioned above. The first one of these is the rise in population level. By giving momentum to expansion of population and the workforce, human resource development has achieved synergistic importance. An increase in population is also a factor but is not the most important one, which delineated environmental decay in rural and urban areas. Second, as a large country, we cannot make an independent place for ourselves in the global system without developing appropriate ability for the development of our self-respect. In order to achieve this objective, the achievement of technical skills is a decisive step.
So far, we have taken human resource development, technical and environmental issues as supporting factors of the main part of the plan. Along with the expansion of quality of basic infrastructure and targets of production (tonnes of steel and kilowatt hours of electricity), other targets of capacity (kilometres) and other targets (number of schools and students, number of electrified villages), known techniques, full use of natural resources and maximum possible use of available financial resources have been emphasized upon.